Electrical system of regulation and starting.



W. A; TURBAYN E.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF REGULATION AND STARTING. APPLICATION FILED APR. 1?. 1914.

1,252,511 1 Patented Jan. 8,1918.

almullllhlilllmlllmr shunt windings.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM A. rename, or NIAGARA FALLS, new roux, n ssrenoa, BY unsunnssremmm's, ro U. s. LIGHT a HEAT conrone'rrou, or mam FALLS, zmw

- YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 01 REGULATION AND STABTIK'G.

To all whom itma concern:

Be it known t at I, WILLIAM A. Tun- BAYNE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Nia ara Falls, in the county of Niagara and tate of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electrical Systems of Regulation and Starting, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompan ing drawing, formingra part of this speci cation.

' his invention relates to an electrical system of regulation and startin The invention is particularly applicable to variable speed battery charfi'ng generators such as are used in train 'ghting, or in automobile starting and lighting systems. 7

The objects of m invention are:

To provide a di rentially wound generator with a single variable resistance regu lator controlling both the series and the To provide an im roved variable pressure regulator in WlllCh a small change in pressure produces a very marked effect in regulation.

To provide an improved variable ressure regulator which operates to regu ate the out-put of the generator during charging and which automatically dis-connects itself when the generator is operated as a starting motor. v

To provide a starting and char g system with a regulator operating to imit the current out-put' of the generator during charging'and to eliminate itself automatically during starting.

The single figure of the drawing is a; diaammatic illustration of a. system employ- Ing my invention. t

The main elements in thes'ystem are a difierentially wound dynamo electric machine having an armature 1 adapted to be run at variable speeds, a carbon pile regulator 2 for controlling the out-put of the generator, an automatic'switch 3, a starting switch 5 and a storage battery 4..

The generator is supplied with a shunt field 6, which furnishes the main excitation for the machine, and a differential series field 7. The variable pressure resistance 2 may be made up of a plurality of carbon Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 17, 1914. Serial No. 882,505.

' carbon pile.

Patented J n. s, 1918.

disks divided into sections 9 and 10. The:

ing series and shunt windings 13 and 14 rezlpectively. The carbon ile is connected in unt of the series winding 7 by wires 18 and 16 attached at the extremities of the At some intermediate point the shunt field 6 is connected by means 0 a wire 17 As the generator 7 up, the shunt field 6 is excited, e resistance in its circuit at this time b in a minimum,

due to the fact that at this time, the sole-' noid plunger 15 acting through the art: 11 exerts the maximum pressure. The diiferential series field is practically-short circuited at this time, as the resistance of the sections 9 and 10 is at a minimum due to the compressed condition ofjthe carbonpile.

When the proper voltage has been attained,

the automatic switch 3 operated by windings (not shown) connects the generator to the storage battery 4.

The carbon pile regulator 2 is subject to the control of 0th the current coil 13 and the shunt coil 14 so that excessive charging of the battery is prevented. When the voltage of the battery rises at the end of the charge, the regulator will be subject to'the shunt coil 14 and will produce a taper charge. 7

The difierential field winding7 consists of a greater number of turns than is usually employed in this type of machine. A greater number of turns are desirable as a part of the current is always shunted through the carbon pile 2. A decrease in pressure of the carbon pile 2 increases the resistance thereof and produces two distinct and separate efiects. It causes first, an increased flow of current in the coil 7, and second, a

decrease of current flowing in the coil 6. This is readily understood when it is considered that an increase of resistance through the circuit 18-2--16, which is in shunt of the difierential coil 7 causes a relatively greater 7 flow throughits coil 7 in accordance with the to build i slight change in the pressure on the carbon pile 2 will produce a very marked effect upon the regulation of the machine. The

tendency to heat the carbon pile 2 depends upon the current flowing therethrough. During the time that the machine is building up, the maximum flow of current through the carbon pile occurs, but as soon as the machine is operating at normal voltage, the tendency will be to reduce the current flowing through this pile and at the time when the regulating action is at or near maximum, a minimum of current will be flowi g through the resistance. This is an especially desirable condition, not only because there is a minimum waste of current in the rheostat, but because it avoids the undesirable heating of the rheostat.

The system may be employed as a starting and charging system in motor vehicles. When used in such relation, the generator may be .used as a starting motor. The switch 5 closes the circuit from the battery to the motor to crank the engine for starting purposes.

Current flows from the battery, through the starting switch 5, through the series winding 13 of the regulator solenoid, over the lead 20, the series winding 7, the armature 1, and back to the battery over the lead 21. Part of this current is diverted through the shunt winding 14 of the regulating solenoid and part of the current is shunted through the carbon pile resistance. The initial rush of starting current, which may reach quite a high value, operates the solenoid 12 because of the heavy current in the winding 13 to release the pressure on the carbon pile 2. The shunt across the series winding is practically opened and at the same time the resistance of the shunt winding 6 is increased to a very high value so that the machine operates substantially as a.

series motor. Any current which may flow through the shunt field winding now aids the series winding as the direction of magnetizationof the two windings is now the same.

A very decided advantage is secured by the above mechanism in that the carbon pile secures regulation when the generator is the source of current, but is practically disconnected when the battery furnishes starting current to the motor. the shunt winding 14 of the solenoid 12 acts 1n opposition to the series winding 13, but the .series winding 13 completely overpowers the shunt winding because of the heavy flow of current.

The operation of the system may briefly be described as follows: Under a condition of rest, the maximum pressure will be exerted upon the carbon pile so that when the armature of the generator begins to rotate,

the machine will build up practically as a During this operation,

machine with a short shunt field winding. Any regulation of the pressure exerted upon the carbon pile through the action of the regulating solenoid will increase the resistance in the shunt field circuit and simultaneously increase the resistance of the shunt around the differential winding. By these means, a regulation of the generator will be brought about by the combining effects due to weakening the shunt field and increasing the differential series field. As soon as the voltage rises to a point above which it is not desired to charge the battery, the shunt coil 14 will assume control to regulate the out-put of the machine. A very slight movement of the carbon pile, causing a comparatively small change in its resistance, efiects a marked change in the eflective field flux.

. When the system is operated as a starting system, by closing the starting switch, the regulator which has been employed to limit the flow of current is automatically elimi nated and allows the generator to be op erated substantially as a series motor.

The system above described is a particular embodiment of the invention, but it is obvious that the same is capable of being embodied in other structures and in other relations, and although the invention has been explained with reference to the details of this particular embodiment, the invention is not to be limited to anyof the details described except as limitations may be imposed in the following claims:

What is claimed. is:

1. Regulating means for a variable speed generator having a shunt winding and a series differential winding, said means insaid shunt winding, and automatic means for varying the pressure of said resistance."

3. In an electric circuit including a generator having a shunt winding and a series winding, a variable resistance shunting said series wlndmg and having a part in series wlth said shunt winding, and electro-magnetic means controlling said variable resistance. 4. In an electric circuit, a variable speed generator having a shunt field winding and a-series field winding, a variable resistance govermng both said windings,and electromagnetic means governing said resistance.

5. In an electr1c circuit including a gen: erator having a shunt winding and a series dlfierential winding, a carbon disk regulasaid paths being in series with said shunt winding and the other in shunt to said series I winding.

6. In an electric circuit including a variable speed generator, a shunt field winding, a differential series field winding, and a single variable pressure resistance means for simultaneously increasing the current through the series field winding and di rectly decreasing the current through the shunt field winding.

7. In an electric circuit, including a variable speed generator having a shunt field winding and a difierential series field winding, a variable pressure resistance means for simultaneously increasing the current through the series winding and directly decreasing the current through the shunt field winding and electro-magnetie means for varying the pressure on said resistance means.

8. In an electric circuit, including a variable speed generator, a shunt field winding, 2. difierential series field winding, a variable pressure resistance means for simultaneously increasing the current through the series field winding and decreasing the current through the shunt field winding, and electro-magnetie means governing the pressure on said resistance means, said electro-magnetic means including a shunt winding and a series winding. 7

9. In an electric circuit, including a generator, a shunt field winding and a series differential field'winding, variable resistance means in shunt of said series winding and a art thereof in series with the shunt windmg, and electro-magnetic means including a series and a shunt winding controlling said variable resistance means.

10. In a system of the class described, a dynamo electric machine having a shunt field winding and a. series winding, a variable resistance means in shunt of said series winding and part thereof in series with said shunt winding, and electro-magnetic controlling means having a series to substantially eliminate said resistance means from operative circuit during starting.

11. In a system of the class described, a

dynamo electric machine having a shunt field winding and a series winding, a. variable resistance means in shunt of said seriesdynamo electric machine, having a shunt winding and aseries diflerential winding, a single variable resistance means for controlling the current fiow in said windings, and electro-magnetic means governing said variable resistance.

13. In a systemof the dynamo electric machine, having a shunt winding and a series winding, a variable resistance means in shunt of said series winding and having part thereof in series with sai shunt winding, a starting switch and means controlled by said starting switch to substantially eliminate said variable resistance from operative circuit.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my' name in the presence of two witnesses Y WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE. witneses:

C. C. CARPENTER, R. J. ELLIS.

class described, a 

